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Jena 3 improves Jena's RDF 1.1 compatibility. Specifically, literal values are always have stored internally with datatypes. "Untyped" string literals are the same as the identical value typed as xsd:string. See the following document for more information

https://jena.apache.org/documentation/migrate_jena2_jena3.html

For VIVO, this means that the two triples:

<subj> <pred> "value"
<subj> <pred> "value"^^xsd:string

will be treated as the same triple and only stored once in your triple store.  As a result, when using the procedure described below to upgrade your triple store, you may find that the number of triples in your triple store after the upgrade is lower than the number before the upgrade.

Any code, tools, or utility that expect to differentiate between these two triples will fail – RDF 1.1 no longer distinguishes between these two triples.

Another way of saying this – any triple loaded into VIVO or Vitro that does not have a type will be typed as xsd:string internally.

Exports from VIVO and Vitro will never include the xsd:string datatype.  Literal values that do not have explicit types are always assumed to be xsd:string.

As a result, we recommend that input process for VIVO do not include xsd:string datatypes on literals.  While they may be correct, and will result in the literal value being typed as xsd:string internally, export processes will not include the xsd:string on output.

Code, tools, and utilities based on RDF 1.0 should not be used with Vitro and VIVO 1.10.

On start-up of version 1.10, the triple store is checked to insure that it has been upgraded.  If untyped literals are found in the triple store, an error message will appear in the browser and the application will not start.  The test applies only to the content store.  It is possible that your content store could pass this test, but your configuration triple store remains incompatible with Jens 3 and RDF 1.1.  In such a case, your application may become unstable.  The procedure below will upgrade both your configuration triple store and your content triple store.  

Upgrade procedure

It is required that you reload any SDB and TDB triple stores when upgrading to Jena 3 using the procedure and tools described below.

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