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Additional options include (in no particular order):

Tool 

Cost

Platforms

Containers and Codecs

Notes

FFmpeg

Free

Linux

Anything except apple pro

Pure command line tool.  For Ubuntu, must build from source (directions), and then command lines like these.  FFmpeg is also suitable for format conversion and audio overlay.

recordMyDesktop

Free

Linux

ogv  (must transcode results, can use transmageddon) 

Works out of the box on Ubuntu 11.10

xvidcap

Free

Linux

mpeg(4), avi, mov, others, with sorenson, divx, mpeg, others.

Default versions do not work with pulseaudio, and thus recent Ubuntu installations (Ubuntu 11.4 and 11.10).  Workaround is to install from source, and launch with padsp.  Provides a GUI, easy to use

CamStudio

Free
(Open Source!)

Windows

AVI or FLV

Lots of options/configurations available (most often compared to Camtasia in terms of options). Not always as easy to use or user friendly as other free screencasting tools (see Screencast-O-Matic or Jing), but it definitely comes with options & tools comparable to Camtasia.

Jing

Free
(Pro is $14.95/year)

Windows or Mac

FLV (Pro version also offers MP4)

Easy to use, but has minimal options. Seem to only be able to record either full-screen or a specific window (no options to record a selected area or part of screen). 5-minute recording limit. Videos are branded (Pro version is free of branding).

Open Broadcaster SoftwareFreeWindowsMP4 or FLVA bit of a learning curve, but a ton of options available.  For screencasting, you'd want to change the "Broadcast Settings" to "File Output Only" (which tells OBS to record to a file). Can record from multiple sources at once (e.g. Desktop & Webcam).  Also supports live streaming (to various online streaming services – mostly for gaming).  Here is a decent tutorial for configuring OBS for screencasts.  (Tim Donohue uses OBS for most of his screencasts.)

Making the Recording

Here are some suggestions for making a successful screencast recording:

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