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If the machine is dedicated to DSpace a decent rule of thumb is to give tomcat half of the memory on your machine. At a minimum, you should give Tomcat >= 512MB of memory for normal optimal DSpace operation. (NOTE: As your DSpace instance gets larger in size, you may need to increase this number to the several GB range.) The latest guidance is to also set -Xms to the same value as -Xmx for server applications such as Tomcat.

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Info
titleDifference between JAVA_OPTS and CATALINA_OPTS

You can use either environment variable. JAVA_OPTS is also used by other Java programs (besides just Tomcat). CATALINA_OPTS is only used by Tomcat. So, if you only want to tweak the memory available to Tomcat, it is recommended that you use CATALINA_OPTS. If you set both CATALINA_OPTS and JAVA_OPTS, Tomcat will default to using the settings in CATALINA_OPTS.

At the time of writing, DSpace recommends you should give Tomcat >= 128MB of PermGen Space to ensure normal optimal DSpace operation.

Note

Please note that you can obviously set both Tomcat's Heap space and PermGen Space together similar to:
CATALINA_OPTS=-Xmx512m -Xms512m -XX:MaxPermSize=128m

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