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The average lifetime of a URL is by one account is has been said to be 44 days. That's the time The lifetime the period after which you can expect a typical published URL to give you the well-known and dreaded 404 Not Found error. Irritating as that can be, it's a disaster for libraries, archives, museums, and other memory organizations. What they want are They want persistent identifiers, that should continue to work far into the future.
How do ARKs differ from DOIs, Handles, PURLs, URNs, and UUIDs?
Those are all major kinds of persistent identifier that appeared between 199? and 2001.