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External References
- Linux/UNIX Command Ref
- Advanced commands (mostly ubuntu oriented)
- .bash_profile vs .bashrc by Josh Staiger
- A Unix/Linux “find” Command Tutorial by Wayne Pollock
- Show all running processes in linux by nixCraft
- Kill Process in Linux or Terminate a Process in UNIX / Linux Systems by nixCraft
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Writing scripts for cd
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alias cdr="cd /cul/web/elr37-dev.library.cornell.edu/htdocs/rails/;pwd" |
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if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then source ~/.bashrc fi |
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Updating $PATH
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# view PATH echo $PATH # update PATH PATH=$PATH\:/dir/path ; export PATH |
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NOTE: cd scripts won't work correctly from bin. Need to add them as an alias in .bashrc. See notes under Writing scripts for cd.
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Append a line to a text file
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echo "line to append" >> path/to/file echo "gem: --no-document" >> ~/.gemrc |
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Check file's md5
CYGWIN
- md5sum FILE_NAME
Mac terminal
- openssl md5 FILE_NAME
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sudo, type, whereis, whoami, scp, echo, grep
Command | Example | Action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| run command as root | |
| open a root shell | ||
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| open a shell as user | |
| shows you the type of a command which is the executable location for programs | ||
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| shows location of all files with that name | |
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| shows the currently logged in user | |
scp -r elr37@remote-host:/path/to/directory /local/path/to/where/you/want/to/put/it |
| secure copy from local to remote machine | NOTE: -r is only needed for recursive copy of an entire directory |
|
| show which shell is running | |
| grep -r foo * | Starting at current directory, look for 'foo' in all files including subdirs. | NOTE: -r is only needed for recursive search through subdirs |
| grep "<record>" bib.xml | wc -1 | Count the number of matches for grep. | In the example, it will count the number of times that <record> appears in file bib.xml. |
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Working with Services
| Action | Command | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| start |
| ex. sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat-sf-lib-app-018.serverfarm.cornell.edu start |
| stop |
| |
| restart |
| |
| status |
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| Action | Command | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| start | sudo service service_name start | ex. sudo service mysqld start |
| stop | sudo service service_name stop | |
| restart | sudo service service_name restart | |
| status | sudo service service_name status |
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Find Command
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find where-to-look criteria what-to-do # prints names of files that directly match foo (e.g. /usr/foo, /usr/bin/foo) find / -name foo # prints names of files that contain foo (e.g. /usr/myfoo, /usr/bin/foobar) find / -name foo # suppress permission denied statements find /. -name *foo* 2>/dev/null |
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Tree command
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$ tree . ├── contrib │ ├── analysis-extras │ │ ├── README.txt │ │ ├── lib │ │ │ ├── icu4j-49.1.jar │ │ │ ├── morfologik-fsa-1.5.5.jar │ │ │ ├── morfologik-polish-1.5.5.jar │ │ │ └── morfologik-stemming-1.5.5.jar │ │ └── lucene-libs │ │ ├── lucene-analyzers-icu-4.3.0.jar │ │ ├── lucene-analyzers-morfologik-4.3.0.jar │ │ ├── lucene-analyzers-smartcn-4.3.0.jar │ │ └── lucene-analyzers-stempel-4.3.0.jar │ └── extraction │ └── lib └── solr-analysis-extras-4.3.0.jar |
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brew install tree |
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Create all directories on a path
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# creates directories /my /my/path /my/path/here if they don't already exist mkdir -p /my/path/here/ |
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pgrep, pidof, top, ps, kill
Reference: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/show-all-running-processes-in-linux/
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You will have to use sudo if you didn't start the process.
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Resuming a paused job after <ctrl><z>
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$ jobs [1]+ Stopped vi test $ fg 1 |
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Ref: how-can-i-resume-a-stopped-job-in-linux
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Symbolic Links
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ln -s {real-filename} {symbolic-filename} |
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Compressing and Extracting tar.gz and zip files
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# extract to current directory tar -zxvf yourfile.tar.gz # extract to specified directory tar -C /myfolder -zxvf yourfile.tar.gz # zip file zip filename.zip file1 file2 file3 # zip directory zip -r filename.zip /myfolder # unzip unzip filename.zip |
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recursive diff
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diff -bur folder1/ folder2/ |
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tail
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# show last few lines and exit tail /path/to/file # show last few lines as they update tail -f /path/to/file # show last n lines as they update tail -n 60 -f /path/to/file |
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du
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# how much space is used in the current directory recursively du -h . 2>/dev/null |
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This will list all directories, but not subdirs. Totals will include space used by each directory + their subdirs.
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Debugging full memory (RAM)
List processes that are using the most memory...
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$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 16041 1298 14742 0 36 131
-/+ buffers/cache: 1130 14911
Swap: 0 0 0 |
Debugging full memory (disk space)
This will list all directories, but not subdirs. Totals will include space used by each directory + their subdirs.
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