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Discovery is built as an application layer on top of the Solr open source enterprise search server. Therefore, Solr configuration can be applied to the Solr cores that are shipped with DSpace.
The DSpace Solr instance currently runs several cores (which means indexes in Sole Solr parlance). The "statistics" core is for collection of DSpace usage events for statistical purposes (if you have been collecting statistics for multiple years, you may have chosen to use sharding and you will see one core per each year collected). The "search" core is used by Discovery for for search and  faceting, for displaying the collection/community hierarchy and item counts. The "authority" core is used by SolrAuthority to store information about authors, including their data imported from the ORCID registry.

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